01 - Preheat the oven to 350°F. Line a 12-cup muffin tin with paper liners or lightly grease.
02 - In a large mixing bowl, whisk together all-purpose flour, baking soda, baking powder, salt, ground cinnamon, ground nutmeg, ground cloves, and ground ginger until evenly blended.
03 - In a separate medium mixing bowl, whisk together pumpkin purée, packed light brown sugar, granulated sugar, vegetable oil or melted coconut oil, eggs, and vanilla extract until smooth and homogeneous.
04 - Add the wet mixture into the dry ingredients. Use a spatula to gently fold together just until combined, ensuring not to overmix.
05 - Evenly divide the batter among the prepared muffin cups, filling each approximately three-quarters full.
06 - Sprinkle turbinado sugar (if using) and a generous pinch of flaky sea salt over each portion.
07 - Transfer the pan to the oven and bake for 20 to 22 minutes, until a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean.
08 - Allow muffins to cool in the pan for 5 minutes, then move to a wire rack to finish cooling.